An ancient teaching is
Ekam Sat: Vipra Bahudha Vadante:
"Truth is one; sages call It by various names."
And again as we read in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 3.9.1:
"Then Vidaghdha, son of Shakala, asked him, "How many gods are there, Yajnavalkya?"
Yajnavalkya, ascertaining the number through a group of mantras known as the Nivid, replied, "As many as are mentioned in the Nivid of the gods: three hundred and three, and three thousand and three."
"Very good," said the son of Shakala, "and how many gods are there, Yajnavalkya?"
"Thirty-three."
"Very good, and how many gods are there, Yajnavalkya?"
"Six."
"Very good, and how many gods are there, Yajnavalkya?"
"Three."
"Very good, and how many gods are there, Yajnavalkya?"
"Two."
"Very good, and how many gods are there, Yajnavalkya?"
"One and a half."
"Very good, and how many gods are there, Yajnavalkya?"
"Ek [one]."
So the question is: Who is the One God?
Is there a Supreme Personality of Godhead Who is the Source of all?
The Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism) is an incredibly diverse religion. It teaches that although God is utterly transcendent, the One (Ek) may best be thought of in one of three primary forms (Trimurti):
- AsBrahma: God as the Creator
- As Vishnu/Narayana: God as the Sustainer
- As Siva/Rudra/Mahadeva: as God the Transformer/Destroyer.
As taught by the ancient Vedic Scriptures and pundits, Hindus honor all three forms but often lean toward one more than the others.
Vaisnavas worship the One God primarily as Lord Vishnu and His avatars and expansions.
"Gaudiya Vaisnavas" embrace the form of Vaisnavism preached by Lord Caitanya ("Chaytanya") Mahaprabhu. He is generally accepted as an avatar or incarnation of Sri Krsna. He lived in Bengal (1486 - 1534) and is celebrated in the Sri Caitanya-caritamrta written by Krishnadasa Kaviraja Goswami. The best English translation and commentary on this work is that of my Guru Maharaja, His Divine Grace AC Bhaktivedanta Swami (Srila Prabhupada). It is available here: http://vedabase.net/cc Lord Caitanya was a "combined incarnation" of Sri Krsna and His Consort Srimati Radharani. He taught that the highest Way to God is through bhakti yoga (devotion) to Sri Krsna.
Sri Krsna was born in Bengal sometime prior to circa 5561 B.C.E. according to Gaudiya Vaisnavas. Gaudiya Vaisnavas believe that the original and highest God is Sri Krsna and that even Lord Visnu ("Vishnu") manifests from Him. Sri Krsna performed many wonderful past times before our current age began and spoke the Srimad Bhagavad Gita (my translation), the creme of all literature. His life is chronicled in many places including the Mahabharata and Srimad Bhagavatam, also translated by Srila Prabhupada.
Among these devotees Sri Krsna is said to be the "Supreme Personality of Godhead."
The principle method of worshiping Lord Sri Krsna is by chanting His Holy Names as a mantra: